Corruption
People expect the media to hold to account corrupt government officials and politicians. However, bribery based or "brown envelope" journalism is becoming common in Kenya. Some journalists are asked to write positive stories in exchange for luxurious gifts.
Manipulation
Media manipulation is a series of related techniques in which partisans create an image or argument that favour their particular interests (Coxall, 2013).
Such tactics may include the use of propaganda, suppressing certain information or perspectives that do not suit an agenda, inducing other people to stop listening to certain arguments, or by simply diverting attention elsewhere. The media is manipulated in all manners by government to broadcast propaganda as news. What may seem as credible news outlets can sometimes knowingly be pushing political agendas and propaganda.
Hoaxing
A hoax is something intended to deceive or defraud. For something to become a hoax, the lie must have something more to offer. It must be outrageous, dramatic believable and ingenious.(McDougall, 1958) Politicians use hoaxes in order to achieve political purposes. Hoaxes receive national and global mainstream media attention.
Public relations stunts
It Involves an event or a sustained activity that is staged, primarily for gaining media attention. For instance the burning of ivory. It is a ritual we have been treated to by every administration since the Nyayo days.
The government rolls out part of its stockpile of ivory and the president lights a bonfire for the cameras. (Gachara, 2015)
This PR stunt is meant to communicate to the world that Kenya has zero tolerance for poaching. The government always relies on dramatic pictures of burning ivory to obscure any critical interrogation of its record.
References
Coxall,M. (2013). Human Manipulation; A Handbook: Cornelio books
Gachara, P. (5th March 2015) PR stunt hides a brutal truth about the ivory trade. Retrieved http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/03/pile-smoking-tusks-obscures-truth-ivory-trade-150304063404677.html
McDougall, C. (1958) .Hoaxes. New York: Dover Publications
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